Living Pterosaurs? Not by Glen Kuban

To start, I recommend the following web page reply to Glen Kuban’s criticism of research into living pterosaurs:

Are All Pterosaurs Extinct?

But Whitcomb’s web page does not go nearly far enough in emphasizing the testimonies of Brian Hennessy and Duane Hodgkinson. Glen Kuban’s web page ignores those two witnesses entirely. Hennessy and Hodgkinson witnessed “prehistoric” looking flying creatures in daylight, at fairly close range, with locations being Bougainville Island and the Finschhafen area, respectively, both in New Guinea, which is now the nation of Papua New Guinea.

Kuban shows images of two “flying foxes” in flight, suggesting “that at least some” sightings of pterosaurs are misidentified fruit bats. That choice of Kuban’s, to show those two images, may be related to the absence of any mentioning of the names “Hennessy” and “Hodgkinson.” Both men described a long tail and a head crest, and Hodgkinson’s estimate for tail length was “at least” ten to fifteen feet. Since he said “at least,” let’s take this to mean it is unlikely to have been less than ten feet. Critics might argue that the surprise of his encounter would have made him exaggerate, so let’s say the actual tail length might have been as little as eight feet, although I believe it was much longer. Eight feet is longer than the entire wingspan of the largest fruit bats, and those two images shown on Kuban’s web page make it obvious that those bats have practically no tail, at least not visible.

I found another reason that Kuban may have been hesitant to mention Hodgkinson’s report. In Whitcomb’s scientific paper, in a peer-reviewed journal, Hodgkinson reports that the creature was running for some distance before becoming airborne. If I recall, the length of the legs-plus-feet was several feet, and the stomach of the creature was several feet above the ground while it was running. No fruit bat would ever make any impression even remotely like that, even if it could run along the ground before becoming airborne. That is ludicrous.

If Glen Kuban were to write a paper for a peer-reviewed journal, a paper dealing with sightings that include Hennessy’s and Hodgkinson’s, I would be most happy to critique it. But why does Kuban go on and on, with paragraph after paragraph after paragraph, about irrelevancies? I hold up these two witnesses, Hennessy and Hodgkinson, for their reports annihilate any possibility of fruit bat misidentification.

In addition:

In light of suggestions on the blog post “Handing Out Criticism,” I should mention that Mr. Kuban may have made positive contributions in paleontology, regardless of his faulty reasoning on modern research and field work regarding reports of modern pterosaurs. But paleontologists in general do not seem to make reasonable armchair cryptozoologists.

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Marfa Light, How Bright!

The intelligence exhibited by Marfa Lights is what I mean by “how bright,” and this seems to me to be a good time for examples. We’ll examine some sightings of Marfa Lights in light of the possibility that they are guided by intelligence, in particular that they are from the bioluminescence of flying predators that are highly intelligent, according to Whitcomb.

We begin with a report by James Bunnell, a highly-respected scientist who has devoted years of work and thought to these mystery lights of Marfa, Texas. I quote from his book Hunting Marfa Lights (published in 2009), pages 91-92:

May 8, 2003 . . . Temperature was around 60 degrees F. . . . at 10:22 PM the ML returned; I will call this ML (D). ML (D) began moving west . . . the final location was west of the railroad tracks . . . the distance [it flew] measured eleven miles . . . This ML event is also unique because of the explosive-like expansion that resulted in the light going out and then resuming at a much lower altitude.

Note that Bunnell assumes that the “resuming” flying light was the same thing that had been flying at a much higher altitude just a little earlier. It’s an easy assumption to make, for the flight direction may have been identical and the timing for that flying object to have turned off its glow and then soon afterwards to have turned back on its glow, while still flying, seems perfectly relevant. But I propose something else.

Note that other observations of CE-III mystery lights (a designation Bunnell gives to certain lights around Marfa: lights that travel and exhibit combustion-like attributes) sometimes involve light “splitting.” Whitcomb’s Marfa Light hypothesis includes the proposition that this is a sort of optical illusion for distant human observers: There were two objects, one glowing but not the other; the non-glowing one turns on its bioluminescence just before the two flying creatures separate.

Now take Whitcomb’s idea one step further. ML (D), observed by Bunnell on May 8, 2003, and photographed by more than one camera, could have involved two flying predators, with only one of them glowing at a time. How I arrived at this possibility requires additional explanation.

The distance from start point to end point was, according to Bunnell’s triangulation calculations, eleven miles, and the time of travel was eighteen minutes. That makes the average speed about 37 mph, assuming a straight flight, which it seems to have been. That speed is critical to the reasoning that follows.

Some birds can fly 37 miles per hour, but most do not fly that fast, at least not for long. Barn owls are not known for flying straight for many miles, even if one of them could keep up a pace of 37 mph. But the ropen of Papua New Guinea is said to fly “faster than birds but slower than airplanes.”

Now, assuming Marfa Lights are flying creatures somewhat similar to ropens, what would cause a large bioluminescent flying creature to fly eleven miles straight at 37 miles per hour? Only one possibility comes to my mind: A frightened intruding male is being chased by a dominant male who is protecting his females.

Now remember Bunnell’s observation that the second light-appearance flew at a “much lower altitude.” How does that correlate with my ropen-chasing-ropen hypothesis? (Actually I don’t know if these flying creatures are closely related to the ropen or not, but I believe they are flying predators.) We now look at this in stages.

First, if one flying animal is chasing off another smaller one of the same species, and the locomotion is flight, which animal would be willing to take more chances? Of course: the one in danger, the smaller one being chased. That smaller one (even if the size difference is minimal) could very well fly just above the ground. The dominant male need not take any chances flying into something like a tree at night; he would have flown higher. This is somewhat similar to some plane dogfights in which, in desperation, the fighter plane pilot being tailed dives down near the ground to try to throw off his pursuer (I have some knowledge of this).

Second, when would a high-speed, long-distance chase be more likely to take place for flying predators? Not in the dead of winter, when everyone is too stressed and too low on energy (with fewer opportunities for catching food). May 8th, at 10:22 PM, when the temperature is 60 degrees F., seems like a good time for this chase to take place. Both the pursuer and the pursued had a few weeks of opportunities to eat better than they had in the winter.

Third, when would be the most logical time for a pursued bioluminescent flyer to turn on his glow? This may be more speculative, but I’ll make a suggestion. I suspect there are two possibilities: The pursuer ran out of the a needed-secretion or he turned off his glow to surprise the one pursued. Whatever it was, I suspect the larger one dived down onto the smaller one that had been below him. That caused the pursued one to turn on its glow, for it was no longer possible to hide in the dark, not with that big male almost clawing on his backside.

I said that I would give “examples,” but I’ve run out of time, having given only one, so this sighting of May 8, 2003, with my interpretation, will have to do for now. This sighting seems to me to be much easier to explain with my hypothesis than with something involving earth lights or other non-living energies.

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Pterosaurs in Africa

Cryptids in Africa include pterosaurs or apparent pterosaurs. Before a skeptic summarily dismisses any reports of “pterodactyls” in Africa, however, that skeptic should think about an important detail in history: Europeans, only a few generations ago, disbelieved reports of large hairy men or giant apes in central Africa; eventually Europeans disovered for themselves that gorillas were more than myth.

I suggest examining the following web page about a sighting of a pterosaur in Sudan, a report originally given to the cryptozoologist Jonathan Whitcomb:

. . . early one night in 1988, the boy noticed something on the roof of a nearby hut. Lit up by the patio light, perched on the edge of the roof, the creature appeared to be four-to-five feet tall, olive brown, and leathery (no feathers). A “long bone looking thing” stuck out the back of its head, and its long tail somehow resembled that of a lion.

. . . the creature stretched its wings and hopped toward another roof, passing a few feet over the boy’s head. . . . The eyewitness was sure about the head crest and the long tail.

I also recommend the following web page on “‘Flying Snakes’ and Pterosaurs in Namibia:” (See the first comment)

. . . The flying snake,or whatever it was frightened Michael Esterhuise, a farm hand, severely and left a trace on the ground and a burning smell. It was investigated by Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer of coelacanth fame. It shot into the air again and made a sound like “wind blowing through a pipe” according to Lawrence Green in “These Wonders to Behold” (1959) p.187.

The name commonly used, for flying creatures like pterosaurs in Africa, is “kongamato.”

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